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目的：建立一种可重复的、有典型神经损伤症状的自发性蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)动物模型，为研究蛛网膜下腔出血后早期脑损伤（EBI）的机制提供可靠的动物模型。方法：选用新西兰大耳白兔60 只，随机分为实验组、对照组、空白组。采用枕大池穿刺一次注入自体动脉血法建立SAH 模型。在4h、8h、12h、24h、48h、72 h 时间点，观察比较行为学与脑组织形态学的变化。结果：（1）实验组枕大池和蛛网膜下腔内发现大量的血凝块和血液。（2）实验组光镜下可观察到蛛网膜下腔大量红细胞，神经元细胞水肿，电镜下可见胶质细胞空泡样改变，神经元细胞线粒体肿胀，髓鞘内存在空泡和板层分离现象。（3）实验组造模后均出现明显的神经系统损伤，对照组4h 出现典型神经系统损伤表现，12h 后恢复正常，空白组未见神经系统损伤表现。结论：枕大池一次注血法是一种简便、可重复的症状性自发性蛛网膜下腔出血早期脑损伤模型，适宜于研究早期脑损伤的致病机制。

英文摘要:

Objective: To build a repeatable and typical nerve injury symptoms animal model of symptoms symptomatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rabbit. To provide a dependable animal model to research the mechanism of early brain injury(EBI). Methods: A total of 60 rabbits were divided randomly into 3 groups, including experimental group, control group, blank group. Set up the SAH model using cisternal puncture injection autologous arterial blood one time. To observe and compare the histomorphology and behavior of brain tissue in 4h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 48h,72 h. Results: (1) A lot of blood clots and blood has been found in subarachnoid and cisterna magna of the experimental group. (2) In the subarachnoid space of the experimental group could be observed under the light microscope a lot of red blood cells and nerve cells edema; Under the electron microscope, such changes could be observed as vacuolar changes of glial cells, swelling of neurons mitochondria, vacuole and lamellar separation in myelin sheath. (3)There was apparent significant neurological damage after modeling in the experimental group. Typical nervous system damage was found in the control group at 4h, but returned to normal at12h. No neurological damage was found in blank group. Conclusion: The method of cisternal puncture injection blood one time is a simple and repeatable model of symptoms spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), suitable for research on EBI Key

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